Bitumen 85/100
Petroleum (from
Greek Petra – rock and elation – oil or Latinoleum – oil) or crude
oil is a black, dark brown or greenish liquid found in porous rock
formations in the earth.
The American Petroleum Institute, in its Manual of Petroleum
Measurement Standards (MPMS), defines it as "a substance, generally
liquid, occurring naturally in the earth and composed mainly of
mixtures of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen with or
without other nonmetallic elements such as sulfur, oxygen, and
nitrogen."
Petroleum is found in porous rock formations in the upper strata of
some areas of the Earth's crust. It consists of a complex mixture of
hydrocarbons, mostly alkenes, but may vary greatly in appearance and
composition.
Petroleum is used mostly, by volume, for producing fuel oil and
petrol (gasoline), both important "primary energy" sources (IEA Key
World Energy Statistics). Petroleum is also the raw material for
many chemical products, including solvents, fertilizers, pesticides,
and plastics. 84% (37 of 44 gallons in a typical barrel) of all
petroleum extracted is processed as fuels, including gasoline,
diesel, jet, heating, and other fuel oils, and liquefied petroleum
gas; the other 16% is converted into other materials such as
plastic.
Known reserves of petroleum are estimated at around 1000 gig
barrels, (that is, one thousand billion), and consumption is
currently around 84 million barrels per day, or 31 gig barrels per
year. At current consumption levels, world oil supply will be gone
in about 33 years. As the supply of petroleum becomes more scares,
consumers will look to renewable fuel sources such as ethanol
fuel, solar power, wind power, and fuel cells.
Since petroleum is a non-renewable resource, many people are worried
about peak oil and eventual depletion in the near future. Due to its
continual demand and consequent value, oil has been dubbed black
gold. The combining form of the word petroleum is Petro-as in Petro diesel (petroleum diesel).
|
Specification |
Bitumen 85/100 |
Test Method |
|
Specific Gravity @ 25/25°C. |
1.00/1.05 |
D - 70 |
|
Penetration @ 25 °C. |
85/10 |
D - 5 |
|
Softening Point °C. |
45/52 |
D - 36 |
|
Ductility @ 25 °C. |
100 min. |
D - 113 |
|
Loss on Heating (wt)% |
0.5 max. |
D - 6 |
|
Drop in Penetration after Heating % |
20 max. |
D - 6 & D-5 |
|
Flash Point °C. |
225 min. |
D - 92 |
|
Solubility in CS2 (wt) % |
99.5 min. |
D - 4 |
|
Spot Test |
0.2 max. |
*A.A.S.H.O. T102 |
|
|
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