Bitumen 60/70
Bitumen 85/100
Gilsonite
Base Oil
Anti-Freeze
Fuel
Oil
Bitumen 60/70
The Iranian petroleum products
specially bitumen’s are exported to all international markets but
generally most of the importers, road constructors and end users of
bitumen in Persian Gulf,
South & Far East Countries as well as the other neighboring
countries of Iran do prefer to
import bitumen from Iran not only because of the quality but also because
of the suitable freight costs.
DEFINITION
A non-crystalline solid or viscous material having adhesive
properties derived from petroleum either by
natural or refinery processes, and substantially soluble in carbon
disulphide. Bitumen is black or brown in color.
This may occur naturally but are usually made as products from
distillation of, or extracts from, selected petroleum oils.
NOMENCLATURE
Bitumen and asphalt are both generic terms. In USA, the word asphalt
is used as synonymous with bitumen- the refinery product that has
now largely replaced the natural asphalts that occur in Trinidad,
Venezuela, Cuba etc. Outside USA however, the word asphalt is
generally taken to mean a mixture of refinery bitumen with a
substantial proportion of solid mineral matter. Frequently used in
road constructions are cutbacks, in which bitumen is mixed with a
solvent such as Kerosene or gas oil which evaporates after the
material is laid, and bitumen emulsions i.e. emulsions of bitumen
with water. Bitumen is always applied hot, cutbacks are applied
either hot or cold and emulsion is always applied cold. When the
emulsion breaks the water evaporates leaving bitumen.
END USE
The uses of bitumen are numerous. The chief one in most countries is
for road construction. It is also used for surfacing airfield
runways and taxi tracks, hydraulic applications such as canal
lining, river bank protection, dam construction and sea defenses.
There are also numerous industrial applications like roofing felt
manufacture, printing inks, electrical cable / Junction boxes,
mastic for roofing of terraces, duplex paper manufacture etc.
SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPERTIES
Asphalted bitumen is valued for a variety of properties. It is water
proof, ductile, adhesive, chemically inert and resistant to
atmospheric exposure and the effects of dilute acids and alkalis.
Obtained from the residues of naphthenic crude oils after
distillation of the volatile products, it is marketed in a wide
range of grades, ranging from soft to hard.
PENETRATION
The test determines the hardness of Bitumen by measuring the depth (
in tenths of a mm) to which a standard, and loaded needle will
vertically penetrate in 5 seconds, a sample of Bitumen maintained at
a temperature of 25 deg C ( 77deg F). Hence the softer the bitumen,
the greater will be its number of penetration units.
SOFTENING POINT
This test is carried out by the Ring and Ball method, which consists
of suspending a brass ring containing the test sample of Bitumen in
water at a given temperature. A steel ball is placed upon the
bituminous material; the water is then heated at the rate of 5 deg C
increase per minute. The temperature at which the softened
bituminous material first touches a metal plate at a specified
distance below the ring is recorded as the Softening point of the
sample.
FLASH POINT
In the interest of safety, legislation has been introduced in most
countries fixing minimum flash point limits to prevent the inclusion
of highly inflammable volatile fractions in kerosene distillates.
According to Controller of Explosives classification it falls in the
category of Class B Petroleum Products. Its flash point (Abel) is
stipulated as Min. 35 deg C in the IS specification.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
As with color, specific gravity is not relate to burning quality,
but it is a useful aid for quantity reckoning and identity
|
Specification |
Bitumen 60/70 |
Test Method |
|
Specific Gravity @ 25/25°C. |
1.01/1.06 |
D - 70 |
|
Penetration @ 25 °C. |
60/70 |
D - 5 |
|
Softening Point °C. |
49/56 |
D - 36 |
|
Ductility @ 25 °C. |
100 min. |
D - 113 |
|
Loss on Heating (wt)% |
0.2 max. |
D - 6 |
|
Drop in Penetration after Heating % |
20 max. |
D - 6 & D-5 |
|
Flash Point °C. |
250 min. |
D - 92 |
|
Solubility in CS2 (wt) % |
99.5 min. |
D - 4 |
|
Spot Test |
Negative |
*A.A.S.H.O. T102 |
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